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https://github.com/ergosteur/ergo-proxmox-scripts.git
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Add setup-nut-synology.sh
Sets up NUT from scratch for a USB UPS and serves it to a Synology, which is otherwise fiddly because DSM's client cannot be configured: it always asks for a UPS named "ups" and always logs in as monuser with the password "secret". The script guarantees all three, plus a reachable LISTEN. Detects the UPS with nut-scanner, writes nut.conf, ups.conf, upsd.conf, upsd.users and upsmon.conf, then starts and verifies the stack. Re-runnable: it reuses an existing admin password rather than churning it, backs up anything it replaces, and prompts before overwriting unless given --yes. --dry-run prints the files without writing, and --etc-dir writes elsewhere so the output can be reviewed against a live config. Warns when another process already holds the USB device, naming QEMU specifically. That is what broke this host: a passthrough to a guest claimed the UPS, and the driver crash-looped for months with a message that did not point at the cause. Drops nut-scanner's bus, device and busport keys, which change across replug, and its ###NOTMATCHED-YET### markers. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
ergosteur
co-authored by
Claude Opus 5
Claude Opus 5
parent
d33d814876
commit
722f93a01c
Executable
+355
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
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#!/bin/bash
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# Set up NUT from scratch for a USB UPS, as a NUT server a Synology can use.
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#
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# Detects the attached USB UPS, writes a working NUT configuration, and starts
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# the driver, upsd and upsmon. The result is a NUT server that Synology DSM can
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# connect to with "UPS Type: Synology UPS Server".
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#
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# DSM's client is rigid about three things, which this script guarantees:
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# * the UPS must be named exactly "ups"
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# * it logs in as user "monuser" with password "secret"
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# * upsd must listen on an address DSM can reach
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#
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# Usage:
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# ./setup-nut-synology.sh [options]
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#
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# Options:
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# -n, --dry-run Show what would be written, change nothing
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# -y, --yes Do not prompt before overwriting an existing config
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# --listen ADDR Address for upsd to listen on (default: 0.0.0.0)
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# --admin-password P Password for the local admin user
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# (default: reuse existing, else generate)
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# --ups-name NAME NUT device name (default: ups)
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# --device-index N Pick the Nth UPS when more than one is detected
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# --etc-dir DIR Write config to DIR instead of /etc/nut (for testing)
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# -h, --help This text
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#
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# Example:
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# sudo ./setup-nut-synology.sh --listen 10.20.28.30
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set -euo pipefail
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ETC_DIR=/etc/nut
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LISTEN_ADDR=0.0.0.0
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UPS_NAME=ups
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ADMIN_PASSWORD=""
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DEVICE_INDEX=1
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DRY_RUN=false
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ASSUME_YES=false
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# DSM hardcodes these; they are not configurable on the Synology side.
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SYNOLOGY_USER=monuser
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SYNOLOGY_PASSWORD=secret
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usage() { sed -n '2,/^$/p' "$0" | sed -e 's/^#//' -e 's/^ //'; }
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while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
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case "$1" in
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-n|--dry-run) DRY_RUN=true; shift ;;
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-y|--yes) ASSUME_YES=true; shift ;;
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--listen) LISTEN_ADDR="${2:?--listen needs an address}"; shift 2 ;;
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--admin-password) ADMIN_PASSWORD="${2:?--admin-password needs a value}"; shift 2 ;;
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--ups-name) UPS_NAME="${2:?--ups-name needs a value}"; shift 2 ;;
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--device-index) DEVICE_INDEX="${2:?--device-index needs a number}"; shift 2 ;;
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--etc-dir) ETC_DIR="${2:?--etc-dir needs a path}"; shift 2 ;;
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-h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
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*) echo "Unknown option: $1" >&2; usage >&2; exit 1 ;;
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esac
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done
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say() { printf '%s\n' "$*"; }
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warn() { printf 'Warning: %s\n' "$*" >&2; }
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die() { printf 'Error: %s\n' "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
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if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
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die "must run as root (try: sudo $0)"
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fi
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if [[ "$UPS_NAME" != "ups" ]]; then
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warn "Synology DSM only ever asks for a UPS named 'ups'. With --ups-name $UPS_NAME the DSM client will not find it."
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fi
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# --- 1. Packages ------------------------------------------------------------
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need_pkgs=()
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command -v upsd >/dev/null || need_pkgs+=(nut-server)
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command -v upsc >/dev/null || need_pkgs+=(nut-client)
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command -v nut-scanner >/dev/null || need_pkgs+=(nut-server)
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if [[ ${#need_pkgs[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
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if $DRY_RUN; then
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say "[dry-run] would install: ${need_pkgs[*]}"
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else
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command -v apt-get >/dev/null || die "missing ${need_pkgs[*]} and apt-get is not available; install NUT manually"
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say "Installing ${need_pkgs[*]}..."
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DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update -qq
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DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq "${need_pkgs[@]}"
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fi
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fi
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# --- 2. Detect the UPS ------------------------------------------------------
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say "Scanning for a USB UPS..."
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if ! command -v nut-scanner >/dev/null; then
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die "nut-scanner not available, cannot detect the UPS"
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fi
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SCAN=$(nut-scanner -U -q 2>/dev/null || true)
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SECTIONS=$(grep -c '^\[' <<<"$SCAN" || true)
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if [[ -z "$SCAN" || "$SECTIONS" -eq 0 ]]; then
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say ""
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say "No USB UPS detected. Things worth checking:"
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say " * is the UPS actually connected over USB, and powered on?"
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say " * lsusb -- does the UPS appear at all?"
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say " * is another process holding the device? On a hypervisor a USB"
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say " passthrough to a guest claims it exclusively and NUT can never"
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say " attach. On Proxmox, look for a 'usb0: host=VVVV:PPPP' line in"
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say " the guest config and remove it."
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die "nothing to configure"
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fi
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if [[ "$SECTIONS" -gt 1 ]]; then
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say "Detected $SECTIONS UPS devices:"
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awk '/^\[/ {n++; name=$0} /product =/ {if (n) printf " %d) %s %s\n", n, name, $0}' <<<"$SCAN"
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if [[ "$DEVICE_INDEX" -gt "$SECTIONS" ]]; then
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die "--device-index $DEVICE_INDEX is out of range (1-$SECTIONS)"
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fi
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say "Using device $DEVICE_INDEX (override with --device-index)."
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fi
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# Pull the Nth section's settings, dropping keys that should not be pinned:
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# "bus" changes across replug, and the section header is renamed to $UPS_NAME.
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DEVICE_CONF=$(awk -v want="$DEVICE_INDEX" '
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/^\[/ { n++; next }
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n == want && /=/ {
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# nut-scanner indents its own output; normalise before re-indenting.
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sub(/^[[:space:]]+/, "")
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key = $1
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# Skip its ###NOTMATCHED-YET### markers for attributes it could not map.
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if (key ~ /^#/) next
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if (key == "bus" || key == "busport" || key == "device") next
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print "\t" $0
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}
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' <<<"$SCAN")
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[[ -n "$DEVICE_CONF" ]] || die "could not parse nut-scanner output for device $DEVICE_INDEX"
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# A friendly description for DSM to display.
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UPS_VENDOR=$(sed -n 's/.*vendor = "\(.*\)".*/\1/p' <<<"$DEVICE_CONF" | head -1)
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UPS_PRODUCT=$(sed -n 's/.*product = "\(.*\)".*/\1/p' <<<"$DEVICE_CONF" | head -1)
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UPS_DESC="${UPS_VENDOR:-USB} ${UPS_PRODUCT:-UPS}"
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say "Found: $UPS_DESC"
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# --- 3. Is anything else holding the device? --------------------------------
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VID=$(sed -n 's/.*vendorid = "\(.*\)".*/\1/p' <<<"$DEVICE_CONF" | head -1)
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PID=$(sed -n 's/.*productid = "\(.*\)".*/\1/p' <<<"$DEVICE_CONF" | head -1)
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if [[ -n "$VID" && -n "$PID" ]] && command -v fuser >/dev/null; then
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for dev in /sys/bus/usb/devices/*; do
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[[ -f "$dev/idVendor" ]] || continue
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[[ "$(cat "$dev/idVendor" 2>/dev/null)" == "$VID" ]] || continue
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[[ "$(cat "$dev/idProduct" 2>/dev/null)" == "$PID" ]] || continue
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node=$(printf '/dev/bus/usb/%03d/%03d' \
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"$(cat "$dev/busnum" 2>/dev/null || echo 0)" \
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"$(cat "$dev/devnum" 2>/dev/null || echo 0)")
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[[ -e "$node" ]] || continue
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# fuser can report several PIDs; handle each one separately rather than
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# letting them run together into a single meaningless number.
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for holder in $(fuser "$node" 2>/dev/null || true); do
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holder=${holder//[^0-9]/}
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[[ -n "$holder" ]] || continue
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hname=$(ps -o comm= -p "$holder" 2>/dev/null || echo unknown)
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case "$hname" in
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usbhid-ups|*nut*|blazer*|snmp-ups|*-ups)
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continue ;; # our own driver from a previous run, fine
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esac
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warn "$node is held by PID $holder ($hname)."
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if [[ "$hname" == "kvm" || "$hname" == "qemu"* ]]; then
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warn "That is a VM holding the UPS via USB passthrough. NUT cannot attach until it is released."
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warn "On Proxmox: find the guest with 'usb0: host=$VID:$PID' and remove that line."
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fi
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done
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done
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fi
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# --- 4. Preserve the admin password across re-runs --------------------------
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if [[ -z "$ADMIN_PASSWORD" && -r "$ETC_DIR/upsd.users" ]]; then
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ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(awk '
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/^\[admin\]/ { inblock = 1; next }
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/^\[/ { inblock = 0 }
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inblock && /password/ { sub(/.*=[[:space:]]*/, ""); print; exit }
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' "$ETC_DIR/upsd.users")
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[[ -n "$ADMIN_PASSWORD" ]] && say "Reusing the existing admin password."
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fi
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if [[ -z "$ADMIN_PASSWORD" ]]; then
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ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 18 2>/dev/null | tr -d '/+=' | cut -c1-20)
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[[ -n "$ADMIN_PASSWORD" ]] || die "could not generate an admin password; pass --admin-password"
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say "Generated a new admin password."
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fi
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# --- 5. Confirm before touching an existing config --------------------------
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EXISTING=()
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for f in nut.conf ups.conf upsd.conf upsd.users upsmon.conf; do
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[[ -f "$ETC_DIR/$f" ]] && EXISTING+=("$f")
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done
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if [[ ${#EXISTING[@]} -gt 0 ]] && ! $DRY_RUN && ! $ASSUME_YES; then
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say ""
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say "About to overwrite in $ETC_DIR: ${EXISTING[*]}"
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say "Each will be backed up alongside with a .bak-<timestamp> suffix."
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read -r -p "Continue? [y/N] " reply
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[[ "$reply" == [yY]* ]] || die "aborted"
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fi
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STAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)
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write_file() {
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local path="$1" mode="$2" group="$3" content="$4"
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if $DRY_RUN; then
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say ""
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say "===== [dry-run] $path (mode $mode, root:$group) ====="
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printf '%s\n' "$content"
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return
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fi
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mkdir -p "$(dirname "$path")"
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[[ -f "$path" ]] && cp -a "$path" "$path.bak-$STAMP"
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printf '%s\n' "$content" > "$path"
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chown "root:$group" "$path" 2>/dev/null || chown root:root "$path"
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chmod "$mode" "$path"
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}
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# --- 6. Write the configuration ---------------------------------------------
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NUT_GROUP=nut
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getent group nut >/dev/null || NUT_GROUP=root
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write_file "$ETC_DIR/nut.conf" 0640 "$NUT_GROUP" \
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"# Managed by setup-nut-synology.sh
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# netserver: run a driver locally and serve it to other machines over the network.
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MODE=netserver"
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write_file "$ETC_DIR/ups.conf" 0640 "$NUT_GROUP" \
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"# Managed by setup-nut-synology.sh
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#
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# The section name is what clients ask for. Synology DSM only ever requests
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# \"ups\", so renaming this section will stop DSM from finding the UPS.
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#
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# The vendorid/productid/serial lines below pin this entry to the exact unit
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# that was detected. Drop the serial and product lines if you want the config to
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# survive swapping in a different UPS of the same model.
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maxretry = 3
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[$UPS_NAME]
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desc = \"$UPS_DESC\"
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$DEVICE_CONF"
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write_file "$ETC_DIR/upsd.conf" 0640 "$NUT_GROUP" \
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"# Managed by setup-nut-synology.sh
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# Must be reachable by the Synology. 0.0.0.0 listens on every interface.
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LISTEN $LISTEN_ADDR 3493"
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write_file "$ETC_DIR/upsd.users" 0640 "$NUT_GROUP" \
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"# Managed by setup-nut-synology.sh
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#
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# admin: used by this machine's own upsmon, which owns the UPS.
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[admin]
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password = $ADMIN_PASSWORD
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upsmon primary
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actions = SET
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instcmds = ALL
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# monuser: for Synology DSM, which hardcodes both the username and the password
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# and cannot be configured to use anything else. The secondary role only permits
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# reading status and receiving shutdown notifications, not commanding the UPS.
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[$SYNOLOGY_USER]
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password = $SYNOLOGY_PASSWORD
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upsmon secondary"
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write_file "$ETC_DIR/upsmon.conf" 0640 "$NUT_GROUP" \
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"# Managed by setup-nut-synology.sh
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#
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# This machine owns the UPS, so it is the primary: it shuts down last, after
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# secondaries such as the Synology have been told to go.
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RUN_AS_USER nut
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MONITOR $UPS_NAME@localhost 1 admin $ADMIN_PASSWORD primary
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MINSUPPLIES 1
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SHUTDOWNCMD \"/sbin/shutdown -h +0\"
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POLLFREQ 5
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POLLFREQALERT 5
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HOSTSYNC 15
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DEADTIME 15
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POWERDOWNFLAG /etc/killpower
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FINALDELAY 5"
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if $DRY_RUN; then
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say ""
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say "[dry-run] no services were started and nothing was written."
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exit 0
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fi
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# --- 7. Start everything ----------------------------------------------------
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if [[ "$ETC_DIR" != "/etc/nut" ]]; then
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say ""
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say "Config written to $ETC_DIR; skipping service start because that is not /etc/nut."
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exit 0
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fi
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say ""
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say "Starting services..."
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# Regenerate the per-device nut-driver@ instances from the new ups.conf.
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systemctl daemon-reload
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if systemctl list-unit-files nut-driver-enumerator.service >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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systemctl restart nut-driver-enumerator.service || true
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fi
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systemctl enable --now nut-server >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
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systemctl enable --now nut-monitor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
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systemctl restart "nut-driver@$UPS_NAME.service" 2>/dev/null || systemctl restart nut-driver.target || true
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systemctl restart nut-server
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systemctl restart nut-monitor
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# --- 8. Verify --------------------------------------------------------------
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say ""
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say "Verifying..."
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ok=true
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for i in $(seq 1 10); do
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if upsc "$UPS_NAME" >/dev/null 2>&1; then break; fi
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sleep 2
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[[ $i -eq 10 ]] && ok=false
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done
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if ! $ok; then
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say "Could not read the UPS after 20s. Check:"
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say " journalctl -u nut-driver@$UPS_NAME -n 30"
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exit 1
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fi
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STATUS=$(upsc "$UPS_NAME" ups.status 2>/dev/null || echo "?")
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CHARGE=$(upsc "$UPS_NAME" battery.charge 2>/dev/null || echo "?")
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say " UPS reachable: ups.status=$STATUS battery.charge=$CHARGE"
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if command -v ss >/dev/null && ss -lnt 2>/dev/null | grep -q ':3493'; then
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say " upsd listening on 3493"
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else
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warn "upsd does not appear to be listening on 3493"
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fi
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say ""
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say "Done. On the Synology: Control Panel > Hardware & Power > UPS,"
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say "enable UPS support, set UPS Type to \"Synology UPS Server\", and point it"
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say "at this host's IP. It will log in as $SYNOLOGY_USER automatically."
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say ""
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say "The local admin password is stored in $ETC_DIR/upsd.users (root-readable only)."
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Block a user